Papilio machaon bairdii W. H. Edwards, 1866
('Baird's' Old World Swallowtail)

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Distribution and Larval Foodplants:
 

Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

Genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 458. Type-species: Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 350, 440. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed this name on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 703. The generic and subgeneric arrangement follows J. Miller (1987), Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186(4): 365-512.

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27; referred to many earlier authors.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. E[ques Achivus] Machaon

Type Locality: “Europae”

Types: Lectotype in LSUK, designated by Honey and Scoble (2001), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132(3): 344.

I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed this name on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as name no. 107. Most of the Palaearctic synonymy is not listed. The evidence that machaon and bairdii are conspecific is compelling to many authors; see Scott (1986), Butts. N. Am.: 164-170, no. 5; Sperling (1987), Quaest. Entomol. 23(2): 198-315, (1993), Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 165: 233-242, and Sperling and Harrison (1994), Evolution 48(2): 408-422.

            =    reginae Retzius, 1783

Gen. Spec. Ins.: 30, no. 5; cited de Geer (1771), Mém. Hist. Ins. 2: 185, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3, and Papilio machaon Linnaeus (1758), Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. Reginae

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: Type(s), if they existed, are probably lost.

                   =    ‡umbellatarum Fabricius, 1938

In: Bryk, Syst. Glossat.: 46-47, no. 98; cited Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. A[chivus]. Umbellatarum

Proposed as a replacement name for machaon based upon a foodplant; a junior objective synonym of machaon.

Papilio machaon bairdii W. H. Edwards, 1866

Proc. Entomol. Soc. Philad. 6(2): 200, no. 1; figured by W. H. Edwards (1880), Butts. N. Am. 2(9): pl. Papilio 10, figs. 1 ♂ D, 2 ♂ V, 3 ♀ D, 4 ♀ V.

Original Combination: Papilio Bairdii

Type Locality: “Arizona”; defined as “vicinity of Fort Whipple, near Prescott, Arizona” by F. Brown (1975), Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 101(1): 14. [Yavapai County]

Types: Neotype in CMNH, designated by F. Brown (1975), Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 101(1): 15, fig. 4 ♂ D&V.

                   =    utahensis Strecker, [1878]

Lepid. Rhop. Het. (14): 128.

Original Combination: Papilio (Asterius) var. Utahensis

Type Locality: “Utah”

Types: Syntypes in FMNH.

                   =    hollandii W. H. Edwards, 1892

Can. Entomol. 24(3): 50, no. 4.

Original Combination: Papilio Hollandii

Type Locality: “West Colorado”; defined as “Glenwood Springs, Garfield County, Colorado” by F. Brown (1975), Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 101(1): 17; lectotype from “Roaring Forks, Colo.”

Types: Lectotype in CMNH, designated by F. Brown (1975), Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 101(1): 18, fig. 5 ♂ D&V; figured by W. Holland (1931), Butt. Book (rev. ed.): pl. 40, fig. 3 ♂ D.

                   =    brucei W. H. Edwards, 1895

Can. Entomol. 27(9): 239.

Original Combination: Papilio Brucei

Type Locality: “Glenwood Springs, Colorado” [Garfield County]

Types: Lectotype in CMNH, designated by F. M. Brown, 1975, Trans. amer ent. Soc. 101(1): 21, fig. 6 ♂ D&V; paralectotype figured by W. Holland (1931), Butt. Book (rev. ed.): pl. 40, fig. 4 ♀ [not ♂] D.

This name was mentioned without a description or indication by W. H. Edwards (1893), Can. Entomol. 25(10): 253; a nomen nudum.

‡”ampliata” Scott, 1981

Papilio (n.s.) 1: 2.

Original Combination: Papilio bairdii form ampliata

Proposed as a “form” with no nomenclatural standing; a nomen nudum.

‡”comstocki” Scott, 1981

Papilio (n.s.) 1: 2.

Original Combination: Papilio bairdii form comstocki

Proposed as a “form” with no nomenclatural standing; a nomen nudum.

Bibliography

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