Papilio machaon hudsonianus A. Clark, 1932
(Old World Swallowtail)

Pinned Specimens photo collection:

Distribution and Larval Foodplants:
 

Synonymy

(From: A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada, Jonathan P. Pelham)

Genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 458. Type-species: Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27, by designation of Latreille (1810), Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 350, 440. I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed this name on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology as name no. 703. The generic and subgeneric arrangement follows J. Miller (1987), Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 186(4): 365-512.

Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758

Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27; referred to many earlier authors.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. E[ques Achivus] Machaon

Type Locality: “Europae”

Types: Lectotype in LSUK, designated by Honey and Scoble (2001), Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132(3): 344.

I.C.Z.N. Opinion 278 placed this name on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology as name no. 107. Most of the Palaearctic synonymy is not listed. The evidence that machaon and bairdii are conspecific is compelling to many authors; see Scott (1986), Butts. N. Am.: 164-170, no. 5; Sperling (1987), Quaest. Entomol. 23(2): 198-315, (1993), Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 165: 233-242, and Sperling and Harrison (1994), Evolution 48(2): 408-422.

            =    reginae Retzius, 1783

Gen. Spec. Ins.: 30, no. 5; cited de Geer (1771), Mém. Hist. Ins. 2: 185, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3, and Papilio machaon Linnaeus (1758), Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. Reginae

Type Locality: Not stated.

Types: Type(s), if they existed, are probably lost.

                   =    ‡umbellatarum Fabricius, 1938

In: Bryk, Syst. Glossat.: 46-47, no. 98; cited Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 1: 462, no. 27.

Original Combination: P[apilio]. A[chivus]. Umbellatarum

Proposed as a replacement name for machaon based upon a foodplant; a junior objective synonym of machaon.

Papilio machaon hudsonianus A. Clark, 1932

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 81(2934): 6-8, pl. 3, figs. 1 ♀ D, 2 ♀ V (holotype).

Original Combination: Papilio machaon hudsonianus

Type Locality: “Kettle Rapids, Nelson River, Manitoba, on the Hudson Bay Railway”

Types: Holotype (#34478) in USNM.

                   =    avinoffi F. Chermock & R. Chermock, 1937

Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 36(1): 11-12.

Original Combination: Papilio machaon race Avinoffi

Type Locality: “Whirlpool River, Riding Mts., Manitoba”

Types: Holotype in CMNH.

                   =    kahli F. Chermock & R. Chermock, 1937

Bull. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 36(1): 12-13.

Original Combination: Papilio nitra form Kahli

Type Locality: “Riding Mts., Manitoba”

Types: Holotype stated to be in CMNH.

The taxa avinoffi and kahli apparently derived from hybridization and long term introgression between P. polyxenes asterius and P. machaon hudsonianus. They are placed under the senior name in this synonymy. For discussion and explanation of the complex relationships between members of the Papilio machaon complex, see Sperling (1987), Quaest. Entomol. 23(2): 198-315, (1993), Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 165: 233-242, and Sperling and Harrison (1994), Evolution 48(2): 408-422.

‡”kwakwapooshesi” Seyer, 1977

Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (nf)27(4): 113.

Original Combination: Papilio machaon kwakwapooshesi (Chermock in litt.)

This name was listed without a description or indication; a nomen nudum.

‡”prestoni” Seyer, 1977

Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (nf)27(4): 113.

Original Combination: Papilio machaon prestoni (Chermock in litt.)

This name was listed without a description or indication; a nomen nudum.

‡”frechini Seyer, 1977

Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (nf)27(4): 113.

Original Combination: Papilio machaon frechini (Chermock in litt.)

This name was listed without a description or indication; a nomen nudum.

‡”comstocki” Scott & Troubridge, 1981

Papilio (n.s.) 1: 1.

Original Combination: Papilio polyxenes kahli form comstocki

Proposed as a “form” with no nomenclatural standing; a nomen nudum.

‡”comstocki” Scott, 1986

Butts. N. Am.: 167, no. 5.

Original Combination: [Papilio machaon] hudsonianus form comstocki

Proposed as a “form” with no nomenclatural standing; a nomen nudum.

Bibliography

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